Plastic Surgery
Plastic surgery is a branch of medicine that aims to reconstruct or repair the human body through medical operations. Plastic surgery, comes from the Greek, namely "plastikos" which means "form" or "give form" Science itself is a branch of surgery that aims to restore normal form and function and "perfect" shape with the proportion of "better ".
Origin said the surgery of this type is not derived plastic materials. Types of plastic surgery is generally divided into two types: surgery for reconstruction and for cosmetic surgery. By definition, it means it can be concluded, plastic surgery is a science that is characterized more attention to the appearance of the end result of an act to appear close to normal or better.
Plastic Surgery in Indonesia was pioneered by Prof. Moenadjat Wiratmadja. After graduating as a specialist surgeon from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia in 1958, he continued his education at Washington University plastic surgeon / Barnes Hospital in the United States until 1959. On his return from abroad, he began specializing in providing education services in general and plastic surgery at the student and assistant surgeon at the Faculty of medicine / RSCM.
In 1979 he was confirmed as a professor in medicine at the Faculty of medicine. Professor Moenadjat Wiratmadja 1980.Saat died in this, view-oriented society of plastic surgery at the problem of beauty (aesthetics), such as liposuction, make sharp nose, tighten the face, and so forth. Indeed, the scope of plastic surgery is very broad. Not just a matter of aesthetics, but also reconstruction, such as in cases of burns, trauma to the face in case of accidents, congenital birth defects (congenital), such as cleft palate, genital abnormalities, and other congenital disorders. Repair fracture face, including nasal bone, upper and lower jaw bone, including within the scope of plastic surgery. Thus, surgical therapy can be aimed, as well as cosmetics. But that does not mean that aesthetic value can not be considered. And comprehensive action to do both this course only plastic surgery.
Plastic Surgery In the Islamic view
Ulama different views. Part of allowed if intended for therapy and some others forbid when used for cosmetic reasons. This prohibition is based on the prohibition of changing God's creation. Legal facial surgery to repair a damaged body part because of an accident is justified. The evidence there is some history that says that there is a Prophet Companions who switched to gold because of a broken nose during the war. Logically, if you replace a broken nose with gold allowed, especially with the skin itself, of course more utama.Wajah humans are part of the beauty which Allah endowed. Should be kept and maintained. It may not be altered in a way to shave my eyebrows, because of the prohibition of the Prophet Muhammad about it. Messenger s.a.w. cursed the women who shaved his eyebrows or ask dicukurkan eyebrows. But if the face were completely destroyed, making the related loss of face, with intent not to change Allah's creation, on the contrary, it returns the grace of God Almighty that had broken. Thus, facial surgery with the goal like that, it is permissible. Because it would restore self esteem. Included also are allowed surgery to correct congenital defects. For example, a cleft mouth patching operation. Now with the implantation of modern technology, this problem can be overcome. And will restore confidence in a person being able to live normally without cacat.Sedangkan that is forbidden if the goal is purely cosmetic surgery. Or that popler with plastic surgery. For example, a pug nose pointed contrived, contrived broad slanting eyes, thick lips thin contrived. As done by many celebrities immoral hedonists. And what Allah SWT gave it not a defect or deficiency as in the case of facial cleft or damaged by the disaster. But simply because 'gatel' and less work.
Operations like this other than dangerous, very risky because complications, is also very strong aroma change Allah's creation. As if they could not accept given a face like that since birth. In our view, if his spirit were solely, that is not satisfied with the grace of Allah Almighty, then this kind of cosmetic surgery including prohibited. Basically because Allah has created human beings in the most perfect. Moreover, it clearly has exceeded reasonable limits. God has warned us not to exceed the limit. As in the following words:
"Therefore, we determined (a law) for the Children of Israel that whoever kills a human being, not because the man (kill) another person, or for causing corruption in the earth, then as if he had killed all mankind; . And those who preserve the life of a human being, then as if he has maintained all of human life. And verily came unto them Our Messengers with (carrying) a clear proofs, then many of them seriously after that exceed the limits of mischief on earth. "
(Surat al Maidah: 32)
Under Imam An-Nawawi to differentiate between cosmetic surgery is allowed and the forbidden: In explaining the hadith the Prophet, which reads:
"Allah has cursed those women who tattooed and who asked for the tattooed, who shaved off (attenuate) and who request shaved eyebrows, the hone teeth look so beautiful and changing God's creation."
(H.R Muslim)
Imam An-Nawawi explained as follows:
"Al-Wasyimah" is the woman who tattooed. That is to paint the back of the palm of the hand, wrist, lips or other body with needles or the like to remove blood and then spiked with dye. The act was unlawful for a tattoo or a tattooed requested. While
An-Naamishah are women who remove facial hair or shave. Now
Al-Mutanammishah is a woman who asked dicukurkan. This act also prohibited, unless a beard or mustache on her face, in this case he should shave it. While
Al-Mutafallijat are women who space their teeth, usually done by old women or adults in order to look younger and more beautiful. Because the gap distance between the teeth of the ordinary there on little girls. If a woman is already getting old teeth will grow, so he uses his teeth miser to shrink the shape to make it more beautiful and still look for the clearly unlawful muda.Perbuatan either hone or a dikikirkan teeth based on the above hadith. And action is also included changing the creation of God, forgery and fraud. The words of the prophet:
"All their teeth look beautiful"
What it means is that doing it to beautify themselves. Word of the prophet is implicitly indicated that that is forbidden is a request that was done on him in order to beautify themselves. As if it needs to be done for the purpose of treatment or because of defects in the teeth or the like then it is permissible, wallahu a'lam. (Syarh Saheeh Muslim, Imam An-Nawawi essay XIII/107). An issue that needs mention here is that medical experts cosmetic surgery is usually not distinguish between needs that cause danger to the needs that do not cause danger. The interest they are only looking for material gains, and give satisfaction to patients and followers of the passions, materialist and caller freedom. They assume everyone is free to do anything against his own body. This is clearly an aberration. Because the essence of this body belongs to God, He who set the terms at will with regard to Him. Allah has explained to us the methods that have professed devil to deceive the sons of Adam, of whom was the word of God:
"And I will order them (change the nature of God's creation), then they really merobahnya."
(Q: S 4:119)
There are several cosmetic surgical procedures that are forbidden because they do not comply with the provisions of an agreed dispensation syar'i and because it included only toying with God's creation and aims to find beauty and beauty alone, for example, breast beautifying by shrinking or raising or surgery to remove the impression of aging, such as crimp hair or the like. In this case, the Shari'a does not allow it. Since there is no emergency need to do that. This was done solely to change the nature and playing God's creation according to the human passions and lust. This is clearly forbidden and cursed the perpetrators. And also because included in the two cases mentioned in the above hadith, that just want to beautify themselves and changing God's creation. Plus a lot of cosmetic surgery such an element of fraud and forgery. Similarly, injections with substances that are taken from fetuses are slain illegitimate, in which the act was a serious crime, and the side effects and other harm arising from cosmetic surgery as described by medical experts.
